Marlboro Man | |
---|---|
A Marlboro Man on a tobacco advertisement (Warsaw, 2000). | |
First appearance | 1954 |
Last appearance | 1999 |
Created by | Leo Burnett Worldwide |
Information | |
Gender | Male |
Occupation | Cowboy |
The Marlboro Man is a figure used in tobacco advertisingcampaigns for Marlboro cigarettes. In the United States, where the campaign originated, it was used from 1954 to 1999. The Marlboro Man was first conceived by Leo Burnett in 1954. The images initially featured rugged men portrayed in a variety of roles[1] but later primarily featured a rugged cowboy or cowboys, in picturesque wild terrain.[2] The advertisements were originally conceived as a way to popularize filtered cigarettes, which at the time were considered feminine.
The Marlboro advertising campaign, created by Leo Burnett Worldwide, is said to be one of the most brilliant advertisement campaigns of all time.[3] It transformed a feminine campaign, with the slogan 'Mild as May', into one that was masculine, in a matter of months. The first models were a Navy Lieutenant and Andy Armstrong, the ad agency’s art supervisor.[4][5][6] Other early models were sales promotion director of Philip Morris, Robert Larking, and others from the Leo Burnett ad agency, Lee Stanley and Owen Smith.[7] A number of models who have portrayed the Marlboro Man have died of smoking-related diseases.[8]
Cowboys proved to be popular, which led to the 'Marlboro Cowboy' and 'Marlboro Country' campaigns.[9] The slogan 'Come to Marlboro Country' promised every ordinary man the prospect of transforming himself into, or at least associating himself with, a rugged and macho cowboy merely by lighting up this Philip Morris product. A satirical reference to the advertisement was made in the Rolling Stones's 1965 song Satisfaction: 'When I'm watchin' my TV and a man comes on and tells me how white my shirts can be, but he can't be a man 'cause he doesn't smoke the same cigarettes as me'.
Philip Morris & Co. (now Altria) had originally introduced the Marlboro brand as a woman's cigarette in 1924. Starting in the early 1950s, the cigarette industry began to focus on promoting filtered cigarettes, as a response to the emerging scientific data about harmful effects of smoking.[10] Under the impression that filtered cigarettes were safer, Marlboro, as well as other brands, started to be sold with filters. However, filtered cigarettes, Marlboro in particular, were considered to be women’s cigarettes.[11] During market research in the 1950s, men indicated that while they would consider switching to a filtered cigarette, they were concerned about being seen smoking a cigarette marketed to women.[12]
The repositioning of Marlboro as a men's cigarette was handled by Chicago advertiser Leo Burnett. Most filtered cigarette advertising sought to make claims about the technology behind the filter: through the use of complex terminology and scientific claims regarding the filter, the cigarette industry wanted to ease fears about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking through risk reduction. However, Leo Burnett decided to address the growing fears through an entirely different approach: creating ads completely void of health concerns or health claims of the filtered cigarette. Burnett felt that making claims about the effectiveness of filters furthered concerns of the long-term effects of smoking. Thus, refusing to respond to health claims matched the emergent, masculine image of the New Marlboro.[citation needed]
The proposed campaign was to present a lineup of manly figures: sea captains, weightlifters, war correspondents, construction workers, etc. The cowboy was to have been the first in this series.[12] Burnett's inspiration for the exceedingly masculine 'Marlboro Man' icon came in 1949 from an issue of Life magazine, whose photograph (shot by Leonard McCombe) and story of Texas cowboy Clarence Hailey Long caught his attention.[13]Within a year, Marlboro's market share rose from less than one percent to the fourth best-selling brand. This convinced Philip Morris to drop the lineup of manly figures and stick with the cowboy.[12] In the mid fifties, the cowboy image was popularized by actor Paul Birch in 3 page magazine ads and in TV ads.
Using another approach to expand the Marlboro Man market base, Philip Morris felt the prime market was 'post adolescent kids who were just beginning to smoke as a way of declaring their independence from their parents.'[14]
When the new Marlboro Country theme opened in late 1963, the actors utilized as Marlboro Man were replaced, for the most part, with real working cowboys. In the same year the campaign began to use Elmer Bernstein's 1960 theme music from The Magnificent Seven. 'In 1963, at the 6 6 6 6 Ranch in Guthrie, Texas, they discovered Carl 'Big-un' Bradley. He was the first real cowboy they used, and from then on the lead Marlboro men were real cowboys, rodeo riders, stuntmen.'[15][16] Another of this new breed of real cowboys was Max Bryan 'Turk' Robinson, of Hugo, Oklahoma; Turk says that he was recruited for the role while at a rodeo simply standing around behind the chutes, as was the custom for cowboys who had not yet ridden their event. It took only a few years for the results to register. By 1972, the new Marlboro Man would have so much market appeal that Marlboro cigarettes were catapulted to the top of the tobacco industry.[citation needed]
Initially, cowboy commercials involving the Marlboro Man featured paid models, such as William Thourlby,[17] pretending to carry out cowboy tasks. However, Burnett felt that the commercials lacked authenticity, as it was apparent that the subjects were not real cowboys and did not have the desired rugged look. One of the finest was a non-smoking rodeo cowboy, Max Bryan 'Turk' Robinson, who was recruited at a rodeo.[citation needed] Leo Burnett was not satisfied with the cowboy actors found. Broadway and MGM movie actor Christian Haren won the role as the first Marlboro Man in the early 1960s as he looked the part. Burnett then came across Darrell Winfield, who worked on a ranch, after a cattle rancher by the name Keith Alexander declined the role because he did not believe in smoking. Leo Burnett’s creative director was awed when he first saw Winfield: 'I had seen cowboys, but I had never seen one that just really, like, he sort of scared the hell out of me (as he was so much a real cowboy).' Winfield’s immediate authenticity led to his 20-year run as the Marlboro Man, which lasted until the late 1980s. Upon Winfield’s retirement, Philip Morris reportedly spent $300 million searching for a new Marlboro Man.[18][19]
After appearing as the Marlboro Man in 1987 advertising, former rodeo cowboy Brad Johnson landed a lead role in Steven Spielberg's feature film Always (1989), with Holly Hunter and Richard Dreyfuss.[20]
The use of the Marlboro Man campaign had very significant and immediate effects on sales. In 1955, when the Marlboro Man campaign was started, sales were at $5 billion. By 1957, sales were at $20 billion, representing a 300% increase within two years. Philip Morris easily overcame growing health concerns through the Marlboro Man campaign, highlighting the success as well as the tobacco industry’s strong ability to use mass marketing to influence the public.[21]
The immediate success of the Marlboro Man campaign led to heavy imitation. Old Golds adopted the tagline marking it a cigarette for 'independent thinkers'. Chesterfield depicted cowboy and other masculine occupations to match their tagline: 'Men of America' smoke Chesterfields.[22]
Five men who claimed to have appeared in Marlboro-related advertisements — Wayne McLaren, David McLean, Dick Hammer, Eric Lawson[23] and Jerome Edward Jackson, aka Tobin Jackson — died of smoking-related diseases, thus earning Marlboro cigarettes, specifically Marlboro Reds, the nickname 'Cowboy killers'.[24]
Wayne McLaren testified in favor of anti-smoking legislation at the age of 51. During the time of McLaren's anti-smoking activism, Philip Morris denied that McLaren ever appeared in a Marlboro ad, a position it later amended to maintain that while he did appear in ads, he was not the Marlboro Man; Winfield held that title. In response, McLaren produced an affidavit from a talent agency that had represented him, along with a pay check stub, asserting he had been paid for work on a 'Marlboro print' job.[25] McLaren died before his 52nd birthday in 1992.[26][27]
David McLean died of lung cancer at the age 73 in 1995. After his death, his widow, Lilo McLean, sued Philip Morris, claiming that McLean's disease was brought on because he had to smoke multiple packs of cigarettes during advertising shoots. Her case was dismissed and she was forced to pay the cigarette company's court case costs.[28]
Eric Lawson, who appeared in Marlboro print ads from 1978 to 1981, died at the age of 72 on January 10, 2014, of respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. A smoker since age 14, Lawson later appeared in an anti-smoking commercial that parodied the Marlboro Man, and also in an Entertainment Tonight segment to discuss the negative effects of smoking.[29]
Jerome Edward Jackson, aka Tobin Jackson, died of lung cancer in 2008, and was a former owner of the world-renowned 'Deer Run' Mastiff kennels.
Marlboro television and print ads used several real-life cowboys.
The Cowboy and His Elephant, which is ostensibly a biography of Bob Norris and mainly focuses on his raising an elephant on his ranch, also describes how Norris came to be photographed for Life magazine and become the Marlboro Man for the next 12 years.[30]
From 1964 to 1978, Wayne Dunafon was a 'Marlboro Man'. He was a rancher in Kansas in addition to a long-time competitive rodeo rider. He died of natural causes in 2001.[31]
The most famous of the 'Marlboro Men' lived a long life after fading from the public limelight. Darrell Winfield, a resident of Riverton, Wyoming, was the longest living Marlboro Man to appear on billboards and in advertisements. Leo Burnett Ad Agency discovered him in 1968 while he was working on the Quarter Circle 5 Ranch in Wyoming. Winfield's chiseled rugged good looks made him the macho face of Marlboro cigarettes on television, in newspapers, magazines and on billboards, from the 1968 to 1989. Winfield was survived by his wife, a son, five daughters, and grandchildren.[32]
In many countries, the Marlboro Man is an icon of the past due to increasing pressure on tobacco advertising for health reasons, especially where the practice of smoking appears to be celebrated or glorified. The deaths described above may also have made it more difficult to use the campaign without attracting negative comment. The Marlboro Man image continued until at least the early 2000s, in countries such as Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic.[33] It still continues in the United States, and Japan (on tobacco vending machines, for example), where smoking is widespread in the male population.
Death in the West, a Thames Television documentary,[34] is an exposé of the cigarette industry that aired on British television in 1976.[35] In its March/April 1996 issue, Mother Jones said of Death in the West: 'It is one of the most powerful anti-smoking films ever made. You will never see it.'[36] The second sentence refers to the fact that Philip Morris sued the filmmakers, and in a 1979 secret settlement all copies were suppressed.[37] However, Professor Stanton Glantz released the film and San Francisco's then-NBC affiliate KRON-TV aired the documentary in May 1982.[37]
The California Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation, in cooperation with the Risk and Youth: Smoking Project Lawrence Hall of Science University of California, Berkeley, created a manual to accompany the film, titled 'A Curriculum for Death in the West'.[38] The first two paragraphs of the Introduction read:
The California Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation is pleased to provide this booklet containing a self-contained curriculum for upper elementary and junior high school students to supplement the viewing of 'Death in the West.' Considered by many to be the most powerful anti-smoking documentary ever made, 'Death in the West' contrasts the advertising image of the 'Marlboro Man' with the reality of six American cowboys dying of cigarette-related illnesses. The film, produced in England in 1976 and later suppressed by the Philip Morris Company, makers of Marlboro cigarettes, illustrates the intrinsically false nature of cigarette advertising. It makes the Marlboro Man less attractive.The 'Death in the West' Curriculum is designed to maximize the educational and emotional impact of seeing the documentary. The curriculum is based on a comprehensive smoking prevention program created and tested by the Risk and Youth: Smoking Project of the Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley. The activities included here were developed in classrooms throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and adapted specifically for use with the airing of 'Death in the West' by KRON-TV of San Francisco.
NBC Monitor produced an investigative TV report titled Death in the West (June 18, 1983), which is accessible at the Internet Archive.[39]
Look up Marlboro Man in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
This is a list of current cigarette brands. The table is sortable for every column.
Brand | Manufacturer | Origin | Released |
---|---|---|---|
305 | Dosal Tobacco | United States | |
A Mild | Sampoerna | Indonesia | |
Absolute Mild | Karya Dibya Mahardika | Indonesia | |
Access Mild | Moeria Mulia | Indonesia | |
Akhtamar | Grand Tobacco | Armenia | |
Alain Delon | British American Tobacco | Cambodia | |
American Street Premium | Adlon Eurobusiness [1] | Spain | |
Apache | Surya Mustika Nusantara | Indonesia | |
Ararat | International Masis Tabak | Armenia | |
Ashford | Philip Morris International Philip Morris USA (United States only) | United States | |
Avolution | Sampoerna | Indonesia | |
Bahman[2] | Iranian Tobacco Company | Iran | |
Basic | Philip Morris International (International) Philip Morris USA (United States only) | United States | |
Belomorkanal | Uritsky Tobacco Factory | Soviet Union | 1932; 87 years ago |
Benson & Hedges | Altria British American Tobacco (Asia, Australia and New Zealand only) Japan Tobacco International (United Kingdom only) Philip Morris USA (Canada and United States only) | United Kingdom | 1873; 146 years ago |
Bentoel | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Berkeley[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Bintang Buana | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Bond Street | Philip Morris International | United Kingdom | 1902; 117 years ago |
Bristol | ITC Limited | India | |
Bringi | Sudan Tobacco | Sudan | |
Cabin | Japan Tobacco | Japan | |
Cambridge | Philip Morris USA | United States | |
Camel | Japan Tobacco International (International) Imperial Brands (Australia only) R. J. Reynolds (United States only) | United States | 1913; 106 years ago |
Canadian Classics | Rothmans, Benson & Hedges | Canada | Mid-90s |
Capri | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | United States | 1987; 32 years ago |
Capstan | Imperial Brands | United Kingdom | 1894; 125 years ago |
Carroll's | United Kingdom | ||
Caster | Japan Tobacco | Japan | |
Cavanders[4] | Godfrey Phillips India | India | |
Champion | PMFTC | Philippines | |
Chancellor[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Charminar[6] | VST Industries | India | |
Charms[7] | VST Industries | India | |
Chesterfield | Philip Morris International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) Philip Morris USA (United States only) | United States | 1896; 123 years ago |
Chunghwa | Shanghai Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | 1949; 70 years ago |
Clas Mild | Nojorono | Indonesia | |
Classic Filter Kings[3] | ITC Limited | India | 1979; 40 years ago |
Clavo | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Cleopatra[8] | Eastern Tobacco Company | Egypt | 1961; 58 years ago |
Club | Gallaher Group | United Kingdom | |
Club Mild | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Cohiba | Altadis | Cuba | 1987; 32 years ago |
Cool[9] | NTC Industries Ltd | India | |
Country | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Craven A | Rothmans, Benson & Hedges (International) Carreras Tobacco Company (United Kingdom only) | United Kingdom | |
Crossroads | United States | ||
Crystal | Filasta Indonesia | Indonesia | |
Dakota | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | United States | 1990; 29 years ago |
Davidoff | Imperial Brands (International) | Switzerland | 1929; 90 years ago |
Deluxe Tenor[9] | NTC Industries Ltd | India | |
Derby | Souza Cruz | Brazil | |
Diana | Philip Morris International | Italy | |
Djarum Black | Djarum (International) | Indonesia | |
Djarum Vanilla | Djarum (International) | Indonesia | |
Dji Sam Soe 234 | Philip Morris International | Indonesia | 1913; 106 years ago |
Dominant | International Masis Tabak | Armenia | |
Doral | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | United States | 1969; 50 years ago |
Double Happiness | Shanghai Tobacco Corporation | People's Republic of China | 1906; 113 years ago |
Du Maurier | Imperial Tobacco Canada West Indian Tobacco Company (Trinidad and Tobago only) | Canada | |
Duke[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Dunhill | British American Tobacco (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States only) | United Kingdom | |
Eclipse | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | United States | |
Elita | British American Tobacco | Latvia | 1967; 52 years ago |
Embassy | Imperial Brands | United Kingdom | 1914; 105 years ago |
Envio Mild | Leni Jaya Tobacco | Indonesia | |
Ernte 23 | Reemtsma | Germany | 1923; 96 years ago |
Esse | Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation (International) | South Korea | |
Eve | Liggett Group (United States only) Philip Morris International (Germany only) | United States | 1971; 48 years ago |
Everest | British American Tobacco Zimbabwe Holdings | Zimbabwe | |
Extreme Mild | Surya Mustika Nusantara | Indonesia | |
f6 | Philip Morris International | Germany | 1959; 60 years ago |
Fatima | Liggett Group | Turkey | |
Fellas Mild | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Fix Mild | Tambora Mulyorejo | Indonesia | |
Fixation | Merapi Agung Lestari | Indonesia | |
Flair[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Flake[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Fortuna | Imperial Brands (International) | Spain | 1974; 45 years ago |
Four Square[4] | Godfrey Phillips India | India | |
FS1[4] | Godfrey Phillips India | India | |
Furongwang | Hunan Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | |
Galan | Wismilak | Indonesia | |
Garni | Grand Tobacco | Armenia | |
Gauloises | Imperial Tobacco | France | 1910; 109 years ago |
Geo Mild | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Gitanes | Imperial Brands | France | 1910; 109 years ago |
GL | Utama Mama | Indonesia | |
GMB Cigarette | General Management Business | Erbil, Iraq | 2015; 4 years ago |
Gold Flake[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Golden Bat | Japan Tobacco | Japan | 1906; 113 years ago |
GT | Grand Tobacco | Armenia | 1997 |
Gudang Garam | Gudang Garam | Indonesia | |
Guiyan | Guizhou Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | |
HB[10] | British American Tobacco | Germany | |
Hits Mild | Tobacco Selatmalaka Industry | Indonesia | |
Hi-Lite | Japan Tobacco | Japan | |
Hollywood | Souza Cruz | Brazil | |
Hongtashan | Hongta Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | 1959; 60 years ago |
Hope | Japan Tobacco | Japan | 1957; 62 years ago |
Huanghelou | Hubei Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | |
Huangshan | Anhui Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | |
India Kings[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Insignia[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Intro | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Java | British American Tobacco | Soviet Union | 1966; 53 years ago |
Jazy Mild | Nojorono | Indonesia | |
Joged | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
John Player & Sons | United Kingdom | ||
June[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Karo | Germany | ||
Kent | British American Tobacco (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States) | United States | 1952; 67 years ago |
King's | House of Prince | Denmark | |
Kool | British American Tobacco (International) ITG Brands (United States only) | United States | 1933; 86 years ago |
Krong Thip | Thailand Tobacco Monopoly | Thailand | |
L&M | Philip Morris International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) Philip Morris USA (United States only) | United States | 1953; 66 years ago |
L.A. Lights | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Lambert & Butler | Imperial Brands (International) | United Kingdom | 1834; 185 years ago |
Lark | Altria (International) Philip Morris USA (United States and Equador only) | United States | 1963; 56 years ago |
LD | Japan Tobacco International | Russia | 1999; 20 years ago |
Legend[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Liggett Select | Liggett Group | United States | |
Lips[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Liqun | Zhejiang Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | |
Longbeach | Philip Morris International | Australia | |
Lucky Strike | British American Tobacco (International) ITC Limited (India only) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States) | United States | 1871; 148 years ago |
Main | |||
Marlboro | Philip Morris International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) Philip Morris USA (United States only) | United States | 1924; 95 years ago |
Maraton | Nojorono | Indonesia | |
Masis | Grand Tobacco | Armenia | |
Master Mild | Trisakti Purwosari Makmur | Indonesia | |
Matra | Nojorono | Indonesia | |
Maverick | Imperial Brands (United States only) | United States | 1986; 33 years ago |
Max | Lorillard Tobacco Company | United States | 1975; 44 years ago |
Maxus | Nojorono | Indonesia | |
Mayfair | Japan Tobacco International | United Kingdom | 1992; 27 years ago |
MayPole[9] | NTC Industries Ltd | India | |
Memphis | Gallaher Group | Austria | |
Merit | Philip Morris USA | United States | |
Mevius | Japan Tobacco International (International) Imperial Brands (Australia) | Japan | 1977; 42 years ago |
Mild Formula | Saraswanti Mekar Agung | Indonesia | |
Mighty | Mighty Corporation | Philippines | |
Minak Djinggo | PT Nojorono Tobacco International, Kudus, Indonesia, under authority of Philip Morris International | Indonesia | |
Misty | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | United States | |
Mocne | Imperial Brands | Poland | 1950s |
Moments[7] | VST Industries | India | |
Mondial[8] | Eastern Tobacco Company | Egypt | |
More | Japan Tobacco International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) | United States | June 1975; 44 years ago |
MS | British American Tobacco (International) | Italy | 1969; 50 years ago |
Muratti | Philip Morris International British American Tobacco | Turkey | 1821; 198 years ago |
Natural American Spirit | Japan Tobacco International (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States only) | United States | 1982; 37 years ago |
Navy Cut[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Neo Mild | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Neslite | Merapi Agung Lestari | Indonesia | |
Newport | British American Tobacco (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States) | United States | 1957; 62 years ago |
Next | Philip Morris International | Malaysia | |
Nikki Super | Nikki Super Tobacco Indonesia | Indonesia | |
Niko International | Niko Rama | Indonesia | |
Nil | Gallaher Group | German Empire | 1901; 118 years ago |
Niu Niu | Merapi Agung Lestari | Indonesia | |
NO.10[9] | NTC Industries Ltd | India | |
Noblesse | Dubek | Israel | 1952; 67 years ago |
North Pole[4] | Godfrey Phillips India | India | |
NOY | International Masis Tabak | Armenia | 2000 |
Nuu Mild | Djarum | Indonesia | |
One Mild | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Pall Mall | British American Tobacco (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States) | United Kingdom | 1899; 120 years ago |
Paramount | Imperial Tobacco Norway AS | Norway | 2006; 13 years ago |
Panama[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Parisienne | British American Tobacco | Switzerland | |
Parliament | Philip Morris International (International) Philip Morris USA (United States only) | United States | 1931; 88 years ago |
Peace | Japan Tobacco | Japan | 1952; 67 years ago |
Pensil Mas | TDS Tobacco | Indonesia | |
Peter Stuyvesant | British American Tobacco (International) | South Africa | 1954; 65 years ago |
Pianissimo Peche | Japan Tobacco | Japan | |
Platinum[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Players[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Polo Mild | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Popularne | Poland | ||
Prima | Soviet Union | ||
Prince | House of Prince British American Tobacco | Denmark | 1957; 62 years ago |
Pueblo | Pöschl Tabak | Germany | |
Pundimas | Pundimas Nasional | Indonesia | |
Pyramid | Liggett Group | United States | 1988; 31 years ago |
Rambler | |||
Rawit | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Red & White[4] | Godfrey Phillips India | India | |
Red Mild | Gudang Baru | Indonesia | |
Regal | Imperial Brands | United Kingdom | |
Regent[9] | NTC Industries Ltd | India | |
Relax Mild | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Richmond | Imperial Brands | United Kingdom | 1999; 20 years ago |
Romeo y Julieta | Altria | Cuba | 1999; 20 years ago |
Rothmans | Philip Morris International British American Tobacco | United Kingdom | |
Royal[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Saat | AKJ Marketing (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd | Malaysia | |
Salem | ITG Brands | United States | 1956; 63 years ago |
Sampoerna Hijau | Sampoerna | Indonesia | |
Sakura | Japan Tobacco | Japan | |
Scissors[3] | ITC Limited | India | |
Score Mild | Maju Abadi Sigaret | Indonesia | |
Sejati | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Senior Service | Gallaher Group | United Kingdom | 1925; 94 years ago |
Septwolves | Fujian Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | |
Seven Stars | Japan Tobacco | Japan | |
Shaan[11] | VST Industries | India | |
Silk Cut | Japan Tobacco International (International) | United Kingdom | 1964; 55 years ago |
Slic Mild | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Smart | Japan Tobacco | Japan | |
Sobranie | Japan Tobacco International (International) | United Kingdom | 1879; 140 years ago |
Special Extra Filter[7] | VST Industries | India | |
ST Dupont | Philip Morris International | France | |
Star Mild | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
State Express 555 | British American Tobacco (International) | United Kingdom | 1896; 123 years ago |
Sterling | Japan Tobacco International | United Kingdom | 2006; 13 years ago |
Strand | W.D. & H.O. Wills | United States | 1959; 60 years ago |
Style[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Superkings | Imperial Brands | United Kingdom | |
Surya Pro Mild | Gudang Garam | Indonesia | |
Sweet Afton[5] | British American Tobacco | Ireland | 1919; 100 years ago |
Taj Chhap Deluxe[5] | Golden Tobacco Ltd | India | |
Tali Jagat | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Tareyton | American Tobacco Company | United States | 1954; 65 years ago |
Ten Mild | Djarum | Indonesia | |
Thang Long | Thang Long Tobacco Factory | Vietnam | |
Time | Dubek | Israel | |
Tipper[4] | Godfrey Phillips India | India | |
True | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | United States | |
U Mild | Sampoerna | Indonesia | |
Ultra Special | PTHI | Indonesia | |
Uno Mild | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Up Mild | Pura Perkasa Jaya | Indonesia | |
Urban Mild | Djarum | Indonesia | |
USA Gold | ITG Brands | United States | |
Vantage | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | United States | |
Vegas Mild | Sampoerna | Indonesia | |
Vogue | British American Tobacco | United Kingdom | 1955; 64 years ago |
Viceroy | British American Tobacco | United States | 1936; 83 years ago |
Virginia Slims | Altria | United States | 1968; 51 years ago |
Viper | Merca Pantura | Indonesia | |
Walter Wolf | British American Tobacco (former Tvornica Duhana Rovinj) | Croatia | |
West | Imperial Brands (International) | Germany | 1981; 38 years ago |
Wills Navy Cut | ITC Limited | India | 1965; 54 years ago |
Winfield | British American Tobacco (International) | Australia | 1972; 47 years ago |
Win Mild | Karya Dibya Mahardika | Indonesia | |
Winston | Japan Tobacco International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) ITG Brands (United States only) | United States | 1954; 65 years ago |
Wismilak | Wismilak | Indonesia | |
Woodbine | Imperial Brands | United Kingdom | 1888; 131 years ago |
X Mild | Bentoel Group | Indonesia | |
Yesmoke | Yesmoke | Italy | 2007; 12 years ago |
Yuxi | Hongta Tobacco Group | People's Republic of China | |
Ziganov | Russia | ||
Zhongnanhai | Beijing Tobacco Corporation | People's Republic of China | |
Kamaran Blue[12] | Kamaran Industry and Investment Company | Yemen | 1963; 56 years ago |
Kamaran Gold[12] | Kamaran Industry and Investment Company | Yemen | 1963; 56 years ago |
Mareb[12] | Kamaran Industry and Investment Company | Yemen | 1963; 56 years ago |
Crater[12] | Kamaran Industry and Investment Company | Yemen | 1963; 56 years ago |
Sheba[12] | Kamaran Industry and Investment Company | Yemen | 1963; 56 years ago |
Marlboro is a cigarette brand that is recognized worldwide. Marlboro, along with Camel, is one of the most popular cigarettes in the United States. While Marlboro tobacco is an American domestic blend, it markets a variety of different flavors of cigarette.
Marlboro Full Flavored cigarettes, or Marlboro Reds as they are commonly known because of the red crest on the white pack, are the original Marlboro cigarette and still the most recognizable. They are available in king size (the standard cigarette size) and in 100s (a slightly thinner, longer cigarette).
Marlboro Medium cigarettes were created to form a middle ground between Marlboro Reds and Marlboro Lights. They have the same signature Marlboro tobacco blend but with slightly less tar and nicotine than the Reds. They are marketed in a white pack with a smaller red Marlboro crest than Reds. They are available in king size and 100s.
Marlboro Lights feature the same tobacco blend as Marlboro Reds but with less concentration of tar and nicotine. Marlboro Lights come in a white pack with a gold Marlboro crest. Lights are available in king size and 100s.
As a concession to rising health concerns, Marlboro developed an Ultra Light brand. Just like the Light cigarette, it features the same blend of tobacco as the Full Flavored Marlboros but with even less tar and nicotine. Ultra Lights come in a white pack with a silver Marlboro crest. Ultra Lights are available in king size and 100s.
Marlboro also markets cigarettes flavored with menthol. These are marketed in white packs with green detailing and are available in Full Flavored and Light variations.
Marlboro also markets a second brand of nicotine cigarette with a different flavor blend. They are marketed in a pack with a blue Marlboro crest. Full Flavor king size cigarettes are on the market.
Beau Prichard has been a freelance writer and editor since 1999. He specializes in fiction, travel and writing coaching. He has traveled in the United Kingdom, Europe, Mexico and Australia. Prichard grew up in New Zealand and holds a Bachelor of Arts in writing from George Fox University.
Product type | Cigarette |
---|---|
Owner | Philip Morris USA in the U.S., Philip Morris International outside of the U.S. |
Produced by | Philip Morris USA in the U.S., Philip Morris International outside of the U.S. |
Country | United States |
Introduced | 1920; 99 years ago |
Markets | See Markets |
Tagline | 'Mild As May', 'Come to where the flavor is. Come to Marlboro country', 'You get a lot to like with a Marlboro' |
Marlboro (US: /ˈmɑːrlˌbʌroʊ/,[1][2]UK: /ˈmɑːrlbərə, ˈmɔːl-/)[3] is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Philip Morris USA (a branch of Altria) within the United States, and by Philip Morris International (now separate from Altria) outside the United States. Richmond, Virginia, is the location of the largest Marlboro cigarette manufacturing plant. Marlboro is the global best-selling cigarette brand since 1972.[4] As of 2017, Marlboro had 40% market share in the United States, more than the next 7 competing brands combined.[5]
Philip Morris opened a New York subsidiary in 1902 to sell many of its cigarette brands. The mark 'Marlboro' was registered in the United States in 1908 although no cigarette was marketed under this name until 1923. In 1924, the brand was launched. They are first marketed as 'America's luxury cigarette' and were mainly sold in hotels and resorts.[6]
Around the 1930s, it was starting to be advertised as a women's cigarette, based on the slogan 'Mild As May'. The name was taken from a street in London where Philip Morris's British factory was located.[7] However, as early as 1885, a brand called 'Marlborough' was already being marketed as a 'ladies' favorite' by Philip Morris & Co.[8]
In the 1930s, advertising for the cigarette was primarily based on how ladylike the filter cigarette was, in an attempt to appeal to the mass market.[9] To this end, the filter had a printed red band around it to hide lipstick stains, calling it 'Beauty Tips to Keep the Paper from Your Lips'.[10]
Shortly before World War II, the brand's sales stagnated at less than 1% of tobacco sales in the US and was briefly withdrawn from the market. After the war, Camel, Lucky Strike, and Chesterfield were the only common cigarettes.
After scientists published a major study linking smoking to lung cancer in the 1950s, Philip Morris repositioned Marlboro as a men's cigarette in order to fit a market niche of men who were concerned about lung cancer. At the time, filtered cigarettes were considered safer than unfiltered cigarettes, but had been until that time only marketed to women. Men at the time indicated that while they would consider switching to a filtered cigarette, they were concerned about being seen smoking a cigarette marketed to women.[10]
The red and white package was designed by the designer Frank Gianninoto. The emblem is placed on top of the pack and has the popular Latin expression Veni, vidi, vici ('I came; I saw; I conquered'), authored by Julius Caesar. The repositioning of Marlboro as a men's cigarette was handled by Chicago advertiser Leo Burnett. The proposed campaign was to present a lineup of manly figures: sea captains, weightlifters, war correspondents, construction workers, etc. The cowboy was to have been the first in this series. While Philip Morris was concerned about the campaign, they eventually gave the green light.[10]
Marlboro's market share rose from less than one percent to the fourth best-selling brand. This convinced Philip Morris to drop the lineup of manly figures and stick with the cowboy,[10] later known as the Marlboro Man. From 1963, the television advertisements used Elmer Bernstein's theme from The Magnificent Seven.
In the late 1960s, Marlboro 'Longhorn 100's' were introduced. Although colour-coded with gold, they were full flavor cigarettes, not lights.[11] In 1972, Marlboro became the best-selling brand of tobacco in the world.[12][13]
In order to comply with a 2006 court ruling in United States v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., et al.,[14] Philip Morris (and all other cigarette companies) is now prevented from using words such as 'Lights', 'Ultra-Lights', 'Medium', 'Mild', or any similar designation that yields a false impression that they are safer than regular full flavour cigarettes. Thus Marlboro and other cigarette companies must use only color-coding instead; for example, Marlboro Lights are now called Marlboro Gold Pack.
Philip Morris responded to the popularity of Pall Mall, the number three brand, by pushing Marlboro Special Blends, a lower-priced cigarette.[15]
In 2013, Philip Morris International introduced 'Marlboro 2.0'. The pack design was changed; the dark red was replaced with a lighter red, the 'Marlboro' and Philip Morris logo became ribbed and transparent, and around 2017 a special 'SmartSEAL' was introduced to keep the stored cigarettes fresh for a longer period of time.[4][16] The Marlboro 2.0 packs are mainly available in Europe and some parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America, but not in the United States, Canada, Australia (due to plain packaging), and New Zealand.
In 2015, Philip Morris announced they would introduce a 'Firm Filter' to their Marlboro Red, Gold, Silver Blue, Ice Blast and White Menthol variants. Philip Morris managing director for the United Kingdom and Ireland, Martin Inkster, said that the Firm Filter technique was added to 'offer quality you can feel, and it is a cleaner way to stub out your cigarette'.[17]
In the 1920s, advertising for the cigarette was primarily based on how ladylike the filter cigarette was, in an attempt to appeal to the mass market.[9] To this end, the filter had a printed red band around it to hide lipstick stains, calling it 'Beauty Tips to Keep the Paper from Your Lips'.[10]
The red and white package was designed by the designer Frank Gianninoto. The repositioning of Marlboro as a men's cigarette was handled by Chicago advertiser Leo Burnett. The proposed campaign was to present a lineup of manly figures: sea captains, weightlifters, war correspondents, construction workers, etc. The cowboy was to have been the first in this series. While Philip Morris was concerned about the campaign, they eventually gave the green light.[10]
Marlboro's market share rose from less than one percent to the fourth best-selling brand. This convinced Philip Morris to drop the lineup of manly figures and stick with the cowboy,[10] later known as the Marlboro Man. From 1963, the television advertisements used Elmer Bernstein's theme from The Magnificent Seven.
Over the years, Philip Morris has made many billboard, poster and magazine adverts.[18][19][20]
Philip Morris also made various sports-related billboards, stickers and other memorabilia throughout the years, mainly promoting the Marlboro brand via its McLaren and Ferrari teams partnerships in places like Russia and Monaco.[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]
Through licensees, Philip Morris sells various merchandising products, such as lighters, ashtrays, sunglasses and other accessories, which are sometimes given away to the target group as part of promotional promotions. In 1983, the campaign 'Marlboro Adventure Team Adventure Camp' was launched, for which the participants had to apply, there was a collection of clothing and accessories.
Marlboro is well known for its association with motor racing. This started in 1972 with the sponsorship of Formula One team BRM, who took one win at the 1972 Monaco Grand Prix. In 1973 and 1974, the cigarette giant backed Frank Williams Racing Cars team, whose cars were registered as Iso-Marlboro.
In 1974, Marlboro became famously associated with the McLaren team, which brought it its first Constructors' Championship and its drivers title for Emerson Fittipaldi. The team was successful through to 1978, with another world champion in James Hunt in 1976. Following that, the partnership went through a dry patch until Ron Dennis's Project Four Organization took over the team in 1981. Marlboro-sponsored McLaren dominated F1 for much of the 1980s and early 1990s, with Niki Lauda, Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna between them winning the Drivers' Championship all but one year from 1984 to 1991. After the departure in 1993 of Ayrton Senna, who died in an accident the following year, Marlboro McLaren did not win a race for three years. Marlboro ended their sponsorship of the team in 1996, which ended the famous red and white McLaren livery. After the end of the 1996 season, McLaren was sponsored by West from 1997 onwards.
Over the years, McLaren had to alter the Marlboro livery to comply with regional anti-tobacco sponsorship laws which were in place in countries like France, the United Kingdom and later Germany. The Marlboro logo was replaced by a chevron in 1974, with a barcode in 1984 and 1985 and from 1987 to 1992 or with 'McLaren' in 1986 and from 1991 to 1993 and 1994 to 1996. At the 1986 Portuguese Grand Prix, Keke Rosberg's car was painted yellow and white rather than red and white, to advertise Marlboro Lights.
Marlboro also sponsored Scuderia Ferrari's drivers since 1973 (the brand appeared only on helmets and suits) but only in 1984 became a minor sponsor on Ferrari's single-seaters. Until then, Enzo Ferrari allowed only technical suppliers brands to appear on his team cars. In 1993, Marlboro began to take over as the primary sponsor, and in 1997 became title sponsor as the team was officially named 'Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro'.
Over the years, Ferrari, just like McLaren, had to alter the Marlboro livery in various ways to comply with regional anti-tobacco sponsoring laws which were in place in countries like France, the United Kingdom and later Germany. The Marlboro logo was removed completely or replaced with a white space from 2000 to 2004 (The Ferrari cars had white spaces over Marlboro occasionally in 1998 and 1999), changed to a 'bar code' from 1994 to 1999 and in 2005 and 2006, or the text was removed while keeping the chevron with the driver's name (1993) and in the team member clothing, the Marlboro logo became a white square with a red stripe above with the driver's written name from the 1980s until 1996. The team used a special livery for the 2001 Italian Grand Prix in remembrance of the September 11 attacks in the United States; both cars ran without any sponsorship livery and sported matte black nose-cones. In the 2005 Bahrain Grand Prix the cars sported black nosecones as a sign of mourning for Pope John Paul II.
In September 2005, Ferrari signed an extension of their sponsorship arrangement with Marlboro until 2011. This agreement came at a time when tobacco sponsorship had become wholly illegal in the European Union, and other major F1 teams ended their relationships with tobacco companies. In reporting the deal, F1 Racing magazine judged it to be a 'black day' for the sport, putting non-tobacco funded teams at a disadvantage and discouraging other brands from entering a sport still associated with tobacco. The magazine estimated that in the period between 2005 and 2011, Ferrari received $1 billion from the agreement. Depending on the venue of races and the particular national laws, the Marlboro branding became largely subliminal in most countries.
In mid-2006, special 'racing editions' of Marlboro Red were sold in the UK, with a Ferrari-inspired design, although the Ferrari name and badge were not used. In April 2008, Marlboro displayed explicit on-car branding on Ferrari for the last time, then permanently replaced with a variety of barcodes in place of it. Since then, there were calls from leading health officials, the European Commissioner for Health and influential doctors for a review of the subliminal advertising contract Marlboro has with Advertising Guerrilla and Ferrari, due to the implications of influencing the purchase of cigarettes with possible subliminal advertising, as no tobacco products can be promoted in sporting events in Europe by law.[31] The Ferrari team claimed the barcode was part of the car design, not an advertising message.[32]
The controversial barcode design was removed by Ferrari for the start of the Spanish Grand Prix in the 2010 season, but the barcode remained on drivers' team gear.[33] In January 2011, the Scuderia Ferrari presented a new logo for its racing team. This logo is considered by a specialised F1-website[34] as a subliminal advertisement for Marlboro, evocating the top-left corner design of a Marlboro cigarettes pack.
In June 2011, Ferrari extended its collaboration with Marlboro through to the end of 2015, despite cigarette advertising being banned in the sport.[35] The deal has been subsequently renewed for three more years, through 2018.[36] In February 2018, Philip Morris renewed their partnership deal with Ferrari until the end of 2021. While the logo, which has been in place since 2011, has been removed on this year's car, it is speculated that Ferrari will put Philip Morris' non-tobacco brand iQOS instead, bypassing currently in-place laws that prohibit specific advertising of tobacco products.[37][38][39][40]
Marlboro had provided financial support to many racing drivers, the most illustrious of whom are Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna and Mika Häkkinen. From 1970 until the mid-1990s, the logos of the cigaretiers could be present on the combinations of the drivers if they were not present on the cars. Marlboro has also sponsored many grand prix races up until 2005.[41][42][43]
Marlboro also sponsored a multitude of other, smaller teams in Formula One. It was the main sponsor of Alfa Romeo F1 Team between 1980 and 1983, although unable to match up to its pre-war and 1950s heyday, the team only achieving one pole position, one fastest lap and four podium finishes. In 1984 the Italian clothing brand Benetton took over Alfa Romeo's livery sponsorship, which they held until the withdrawal of Alfa Romeo from Formula One at the end of 1985. The Marlboro logo was replaced with a barcode at certain races, due to tobacco or alcohol sponsorship bans in place.
Marlboro sponsored the BMS Scuderia Italia team from 1988 until 1992, when Chesterfield became their main sponsor. The livery was very similar to the Ferrari and Alfa Romeo ones. The Marlboro logo was displayed on the front and side of the cars and on the drivers helmets. In some races where explicit tobacco sponsoring was forbidden, the Marlboro logo was removed.[44][45][46][47]
Marlboro sponsored the Arrows F1 (by the time known as 'Footwork') team in 1994. While Ruffles, a potato chips brand sponsored the car, Marlboro sponsored the drivers helmets.[48][49]
Marlboro sponsored the EuroBrun team in 1988. The ER188, driven by Oscar Larrauri, Stefano Modena and Gregor Foitek, featured the Marlboro logo on the helmets of the drivers, as well as the Marlboro logo and name on the side of the cars.[50][51]
Marlboro sponsored the Fittipaldi Automotive team in 1981. The Marlboro logo was displayed on the helmets of the drivers.[52][53]
Marlboro sponsored the Forti F1 team in 1995 and 1996. The logo was displayed on the top side of the car, as well as on the helmets of the drivers.[54][55][56]
Marlboro sponsored the Merzario team from 1977 until the team's collapse in 1979. The Marlboro logo's were displayed on the front, side and on the drivers helmets.[57][58][59]
Marlboro sponsored the Minardi team in 1995. The Marlboro logo was displayed on the front and side of the cars and on the drivers helmets. In some races where explicit tobacco sponsoring was forbidden, the Marlboro logo was replaced with a barcode.[60][61]
Marlboro sponsored the Onyx Grand Prix team in 1989 and 1990. The Marlboro logo was displayed on the front and side of the cars and on the drivers helmets. In some races where explicit tobacco sponsoring was forbidden, the Marlboro logo was replaced with a barcode, but the Chevron logo was retained.[62][63]
Marlboro sponsored Team Rebaque in 1979. The Marlboro logo was displayed on the front and side of the cars and on the drivers helmets. In some races where explicit tobacco sponsoring was forbidden, the Marlboro logo was removed.[64][65][66][67]
Marlboro sponsored the Rial Racing team in 1988 and 1989. The Marlboro logo was displayed on the front and side of the cars and on the drivers helmets. In some races where explicit tobacco sponsoring was forbidden, the Marlboro logo was replaced with a barcode.[68][69][70]
Marlboro sponsored the Spirit Racing team in 1983 and 1984. The Marlboro logo was displayed on the front and side of the cars and on the drivers helmets.[71][72]
From 2005 to 2007, GP2 Series team ART Grand Prix was sponsored by Marlboro. The Marlboro logo's were prominently shown on the car in the 2005 and 2006 seasons, but in 2007 the team only sponsored the brand on the rear wing.[73][74][75] In countries where the sponsoring of tobacco was forbidden, the Marlboro logos were replaced with a barcode.[76]
Marlboro entered the Grand Prix motorcycle racing in the seventies as personal sponsor of riders like Giacomo Agostini, Angel Nieto and Jarno Saarinen. In 1976, Marlboro backed Agostini's team, who raced MV Agusta bikes with little factory support.
Since 1983, the cigarette brand sponsored the Yamaha 500 cc works team, which was managed by Agostini until 1989 and then by Kenny Roberts until 1996. During that period, the Japanese bikes won six World Championships and, as a result of their sponsorship, Marlboro decals on race replica bikes became one of the most popular decal kits that were available.
In the 1990s, Marlboro's livery also appeared on other bikes, especially the Hondas entered by Team Pileri (from 1992 to 1995), Pons Racing (in 1993)[77] and Erv Kanemoto's team (in 1997 and 1998) who achieved the 1997 250 cc World Championship with Max Biaggi.
The Yamaha works team was again associated with Marlboro between 1999 and 2002.
Marlboro sponsored the Ducati CorseMotoGP team from 2003. Casey Stoner took his first MotoGP title in 2007. As of the 2009 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season they were only allowed to brand the bikes at one round, in Qatar at the Losail International Circuit, using the barcode in other races. The controversial barcode design was then removed by Ducati for the start of the French motorcycle Grand Prix in the 2010 season. In January 2011 the Ducati Team presented a new logo which was regarded as a subliminal advertisement for Marlboro, evocating the top-left corner design of a Marlboro cigarettes pack, similar to the one used by Ferrari.
In January 2018, it was speculated that Ducati would carry sponsorship by Philip Morris' non-tobacco brand iQOS instead, bypassing currently in-place laws that prohibit specific advertising of tobacco products.[78] Jason derulo youtube watcha say.
Marlboro sponsored the Yamaha Dealer Team from its inaugural season in 1988 to 1990.[79][80][81][82]
Marlboro sponsorship in IndyCar dates back to 1986 when the livery appeared on the Emerson Fittipaldi's car entered by Patrick Racing. In 1990Penske Racing hired Fittipaldi and started a 20 years-long association with Marlboro and its distinctive red and white livery. However, in the 2007 season Marlboro logos were replaced with 'Team Penske' but the team retained the color scheme as Philip Morris USA was still Penske's main sponsor.2009 was the last year of the Penske-Marlboro association.[83]
Since their start in Formula One, Marlboro has also sponsored numerous teams and races, from Joest Racing in Group C in 1983 to Toyota at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1999 (despite a tobacco ban in France).
Marlboro sponsored the Marlboro MastersFormula Three race in Zandvoort.
Marlboro has a long history in rallying sponsorship, including the factory World Rally Championship teams of Lancia (between 1972 and 1974), Mitsubishi (from 1999 to 2002), and Peugeot (from 2003 to 2005). The cigarette brand appeared on helmets and suits of some of the best rally drivers, being personal sponsor of Markku Alén, Timo Salonen, Juha Kankkunen, Miki Biasion and others.Between 1987 and 1992, Marlboro backed Carlos Sainz, appearing on his cars (Ford Sierra in 1987–88 and then Toyota Celica since 1989). In 1993 the cigarette brand started an association with Belgian rally driver Freddy Loix, who was racing for Opel in the Belgian rally championship. Between 1996 and 1998 Loix raced with Toyota Team Belgium in the WRC, carrying the Marlboro livery on his car. In 1999 he moved to Mitsubishi Ralliart works team, with the iconic livery remaining on successive Lancer Evolutions until the marque's temporary WRC withdrawal at the end of 2002.
Marlboro also sponsored the cars of Emirati rally driver Mohammed bin Sulayem[84] and has sponsored a number of rallies including the Safari Rally (between 1982 and 1990), the Rally Argentina, the Rally of Lebanon,[85] the Jordan Rally,[86] and the UAE Desert Challenge.[87]
Marlboro also sponsored the Holden Dealer Team from 1974 through to 1984. The Marlboro branding gave rise to some of Australia's most prominently recognizable lauda cars such as the L34 and A9X Torana, as well as the famous VK Group C 'Big Banger' Commodore of Peter Brock and Larry Perkins Bathurst winning fame.
Marlboro sponsored the Italo-AmericanIMSA SportsCar Le Mans GT team Risi Competizione since 2004 but Risi Competizione opting to invisible the Marlboro logo due to the team respecting Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement regulations and also ban of cigarette advertising in sports.
Marlboro sponsored the Thomas and Uber Cup from 1984 to 1990, as well as the Sudirman Cup from 1991 to 1995 and 2001 to 2013.[88][89][90][91]
Phillip Morris markets cigarettes,[92]snus,[92] and Heatsticks under the Marlboro brand.[93]
Philip Morris International organized Marlboro products into three divisions – Flavor line, which are original red/full flavor cigarettes, Gold line are former lights and Fresh line comprises flavored cigarettes.[94][95][96][97][98]
Philip Morris sold the Canadian rights to the 'Marlboro' name to Imperial Tobacco Canada in 1932. After the brand's successful American relaunch in the 1950s – which later became well known to Canadians through exposure to the brand's international sponsorships and advertising – Philip Morris tried several legal manoeuvres in attempting to reacquire the Canadian rights, to no avail. Imperial Tobacco continues to sell a line of cigarettes under the Marlboro name in Canada, albeit with very different packaging from that of the Philip Morris product. Philip Morris retains the rights to the 'rooftop' trade dress and other elements of Marlboro's branding which were developed after the 1932 sale, and has historically used that trade dress in Canada in combination with the names 'Matador' or occasionally 'Maverick' for a line of Virginia blend cigarettes.[99][100]
In 2006, Philip Morris International's Canadian affiliate Rothmans, Benson & Hedges introduced a new product with the 'rooftop' trade dress, and marked as being the 'World Famous Imported Blend', but not bearing any actual brand name. This led to a legal challenge from Imperial, contending that the new packaging created customer confusion by merely suggesting the Marlboro brand, thereby infringing on Imperial's Canadian trademark rights. Canada's Federal Court of Appeal ruled in favour of Imperial in June 2012. The judgment noted that Canadian regulations which (in most cases) prohibit the public display of tobacco products at retail locations – i.e., customers must ask for a brand by name – exacerbated the situation, as there were now two products that customers might be referring to when asking for 'Marlboro'.[99] Though PMI is expected to appeal, shortly after the ruling it began using the brand name 'Rooftop' on packaging for the previously unbranded cigarettes.[100]
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at position 11 (help)This is the list of 599 additives in cigarettes submitted to the United States Department of Health and Human Services in April 1994.[1][2][3][4] It applies, as documented, only to American manufactured cigarettes intended for distribution within the United States by the listed companies. The five major tobacco companies that reported the information were:
One significant issue is that while all these chemical compounds have been approved as additives to food, they were not tested by burning. Burning changes the properties of chemicals. According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute: 'Of the more than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 69 can cause cancer.'[5][1][6]