TRANSCRIPT
Quick Start Tutorial 1-1
Quick Start Tutorial
This quick start tutorial will introduce you to some of the basic features of Unwedge, and demonstrate how easily a model can be created and analyzed with Unwedge. The model represents an underground cavern for a hydroelectric power generation project.
The finished product of this tutorial can be found in the Tutorial 01 Quick Start.weg file, located in the Examples > Tutorials folder in your Unwedge installation folder.
Topics Covered in this Tutorial
Project Settings Defining the Opening Section Tunnel Properties Joint Orientations Joint Properties 3D Wedge View Viewing and Display Options Wedge Analysis Information Data Tips Info Viewer End Wedges
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Introduction
Before we start the tutorial, you should be familiar with the following general information about Unwedge.
Program Assumptions There are several important assumptions and limitations which must be considered when using Unwedge:
Unwedge should be used to analyse wedge failure around excavations constructed in hard rock, where discontinuities are persistent, and where stress induced failure does not occur. It is assumed that displacements take place at the discontinuities, and that the wedges move as rigid bodies with no internal deformation or cracking.
The wedges are tetrahedral in nature, and defined by three intersecting discontinuities. A maximum of three structural planes can be analysed at one time. If more than three major planes are identified for the analysis of the structural data, then all combinations of these planes should be considered.
All of the discontinuity surfaces are assumed to be perfectly planar.
Discontinuity surfaces are assumed to be persistent and to extend through the volume of interest, therefore the discontinuities defining the wedge do not terminate within the region where the wedges are formed. The implication is that no new cracking is required in the analysis of wedge movement.
The discontinuities are considered to be ubiquitous: in other words, they can occur at any location in the rock mass.
The underground excavation is assumed to have a constant cross section along its axis.
The default analysis is based upon the assumption that the wedges are subjected to gravitational loading only, due to the wedge weight (i.e. the stress field in the rock mass surrounding the excavation is not taken into account). While this assumption leads to some inaccuracy in the analysis, the error is generally conservative, leading to a lower factor of safety. However, you may include the effect of in-situ stress on the wedges with the Field Stress option.
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Unwedge always initially calculates the maximum sized wedges which can form around the excavation. To scale down the size of the wedges according to actual field observations (e.g. observed joint trace lengths), use the Scale Wedges option.
Steps for a Typical Analysis For a summary of the typical sequence of steps used to carry out an analysis with Unwedge, see the Steps for a Typical Analysis topic in the Unwedge Help system. This provides a handy quick reference for using Unwedge, and provides links to specific help topics for the various features.
Program Interface There are two main aspects of the Unwedge program interface which should be highlighted the Unwedge Views and Sidebar.
Unwedge Views
In order to carry out the various modeling and data interpretation tasks, Unwedge provides several distinct views. For example:
the Opening Section View is used for defining the excavation cross-section
the 3D Wedge View is used for viewing the 3-dimensional wedges and excavation
the Support Design views are used for adding and editing support.
The toolbar buttons for selecting the desired view are shown below.
Sidebar
Unwedge provides an interactive Sidebar panel, which provides shortcuts to most of the modeling and viewing options, and also displays analysis results in the Wedge Information panel. The options available in the Sidebar change according to the current view.
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Defining the Model
If you have not already done so, run the Unwedge program by double-clicking on the Unwedge icon in your installation folder. Or from the Start menu, select Programs Rocscience Unwedge 3.0 Unwedge. If the Unwedge application window is not already maximized, maximize it now, so that the full screen is available for viewing the model.
Note that when the Unwedge program is started, a new blank document is already opened, allowing you to begin creating a model immediately.
Project Settings The Project Settings dialog allows you to enter a Project Title, select a Unit System, and toggle the computation of end wedges on/off.
Lets take a look at the dialog, to make sure that we are using the desired options for this tutorial. Select Project Settings from the toolbar or the Analysis menu.
Select: Analysis Project Settings
Enter Quick Start Tutorial as the Project Title. For this tutorial we will use Metric units, with stress as tonnes/m2, so make sure the Units option is set accordingly. Make sure the Compute End Wedges checkbox is selected (end wedges are discussed later in this tutorial). Select OK.
TIP: the default Project Settings (e.g. Units) can be changed by selecting the Defaults button in the dialog.
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Defining the Opening Section The Opening Section in Unwedge is the 2-dimensional cross-section of the excavation you wish to analyze. The Opening Section can be defined with the Add Opening Section option or by importing a DXF file. For this tutorial, we will use the Add Opening Section option.
Opening Section View
Before we create the opening section, note that the opening section can only be defined or edited in the Opening Section View. Since we are beginning a new file, you should already be looking at the Opening Section view. If not, then select the Opening Section View option from the toolbar or the Select View sub-menu of the View menu.
Select: View Select View Opening Section For future reference, remember that if you need to enter or edit the coordinates of the Opening Section, you must first make sure you are looking at the Opening Section View.
Add Opening Section
Now lets add the Opening Section. Select Add Opening Section from the Sidebar or the Opening menu.
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Select: Opening Add Opening Section Enter the following coordinates in the prompt line at the bottom right of the screen. Note: press Enter at the end of each line, to enter each coordinate pair, or single letter text command (e.g. a for arc or c for close).
Enter vertex [t=table,a=arc,esc=cancel]: 264.5 303 Enter vertex [t=table,a=arc,u=undo,esc=cancel]: 273 303 Enter vertex [..]: 273 306 Enter vertex [..]: 277.5 306 Enter vertex [..]: 277.5 317 Enter vertex [..]: a Enter number of segments in arc: 12 Enter second arc point [esc=cancel]: 271 320 Enter third arc point [esc=cancel]: 264.5 317 Enter vertex [..]: c
By entering c at the last prompt, the boundary is automatically closed (i.e. the last vertex is joined to the first vertex). Note that arcs in Unwedge are actually made up of a series of straight line segments. The Arc option and other useful shortcuts are also available in the right-click menu, while you are defining the opening section.
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The opening section boundary should be automatically zoomed to the center of the view. If it is not, select Zoom Extents (or press the F2 function key) to zoom the excavation to the center of the view.
Figure 1: Excavation boundary defined in Opening Section View.
Next we will define the Tunnel Properties, Joint Orientations and Joint Properties.
Tunnel Properties To define the Tunnel Properties, Joint Orientations and Joint Properties, select the Input Data option from the toolbar or the Analysis menu.
Select: Analysis Input Data We will first define the Tunnel Properties. Select the General tab in the Input Data dialog.
Enter Trend = 45 and Plunge = 0 for the Tunnel Axis Orientation. Make sure the rock Unit Weight is 2.7 tonnes/m3. Make sure the Seismic Force checkbox is NOT selected.
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Joint Orientations Now we will enter the Joint Orientations. Select the Joint Orientations tab in the Input Data dialog. Default joint orientation data will be displayed. Enter the following Dip/DipDirection for the 3 joints:
Joint 1 = 60/30, Joint 2 = 60/150, Joint 3 = 60/270.
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Notice the stereonet at the right of the dialog, which displays the great circles corresponding to the current joint orientation data. Also note that the Tunnel Axis Orientation (dotted line) is displayed on the stereonet.
Joint Properties Now define the Joint Properties. Select the Joint Properties tab in the Input Data dialog. We will define two joint property types smooth and rough.
1. First, rename the default joint type to rough joint (select the Rename button, and change the name to rough joint).
2. Enter Mohr-Coulomb properties for the rough joint of Phi = 35 degrees, Cohesion = 1 tonne/m2. Leave all other rough joint properties at the default settings.
3. To create a new joint property type, select the Add button. In the Add Joint Property dialog, select the Add Default Properties option, and select OK.
4. Rename the new joint type to smooth joint (click on the new joint property type in the list at the left of the dialog, select the Rename button, and change the name to smooth joint).
5. Enter Mohr-Coulomb properties for the smooth joint of Phi = 20 degrees, Cohesion = 0. Leave all other joint properties at the default settings.
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6. Now we need to assign the joint property types to the joints. Return to the Joint Orientations tab. Notice that all the joints are automatically assigned the first (rough joint) property.
7. We will retain the rough joint property for joint 1, and assign the smooth joint property to joints 2 and 3. Use the mouse to click in the Joint Properties column for joints 2 and 3, and assign the smooth joint property, as shown in the figure below.
8. Select OK in the Input Data dialog to save all of the information we have entered.
We are now finished entering input data for this example, and can proceed to view the results of the analysis.
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Analysis Results
The wedge stability analysis is automatically computed in Unwedge whenever data is entered or modified, so in general, it is not necessary to select a Compute option. As long as the Opening Section has been defined, results can be immediately viewed at any time.
3D Wedge View The 3D Wedge View is usually the first screen you will want to look at. To switch to the 3D Wedge View, select the 3D Wedge View option from the toolbar, or the Select View sub-menu of the View menu.
Select: View Select View 3D Wedge View You should see the following screen.
Figure 2: 3D Wedge View.
As you can see, the 3D Wedge View presents 4 views of the model:
a 3-dimensional Perspective view three orthogonal views, in this case Top, Front and Side views of
the excavation.
By default, all possible Perimeter Wedges will be displayed in the 3D Wedge View.
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We will now discuss some of the viewing options and shortcuts for the 3D Wedge View. For more information see the Unwedge Help topics.
Rotating the Model
Within the Perspective view, the Unwedge model can be rotated for viewing at any angle, interactively with the left mouse button, as follows:
1. Press and hold the left mouse button anywhere in the Perspective view. Notice that the cursor changes to a 'circular arrow' symbol
to indicate that you may rotate the model.
2. Keep the left mouse button pressed, and move the cursor around. The model is rotated according to the direction of movement of the cursor.
3. To exit the rotation mode, release the left mouse button. The cursor reverts to the normal arrow cursor.
To reset the rotation to the default viewing angle, select the Reset Rotation option from the Sidebar or the right-click menu. This will reset the viewing angle of the excavation within the Perspective view to the default viewing angle for the wedges which are currently displayed.
Moving the Wedges
The wedges can be interactively moved from their default positions around the excavation.
Individual wedges can be moved, or all wedges can be translated simultaneously.
The wedges can be moved into, or away from the excavation. The direction of movement is always the sliding direction for each
wedge.
There are several different ways in which the user can interactively move the wedges:
Use the mouse to click or drag the Wedge Translation slider control in the sidebar.
Rotate the mouse wheel while holding down the Shift or Ctrl keys on the keyboard (Shift key for larger increments, Ctrl key for smaller increments)
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Individual wedges can be moved by clicking and dragging them with the left mouse button (place the cursor over the desired wedge, and when the cursor changes to an arrow symbol , click and drag the mouse).
To restore the wedges to their default position, select the Reset Wedge Movement option from the sidebar or the right-click menu, or double-click the middle mouse button in any view.
Figure 3: Wedges moved away from excavation.
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Wedge Visibility
The Wedge Visibility option in the Sidebar allows you to select which wedges are visible in the 3D Wedge View. You can view:
All wedges Perimeter wedges only End wedges only Any individual wedge Wedges with factor of safety less than the design value Any user defined combination of wedges
For example:
Click on the Wedge Visibility drop-list in the sidebar and select the Lower Left wedge, and your screen should look similar to the following figure.
Select the All Wedges option, and you will see all possible wedges, including Perimeter and End Wedges. Select the Perimeter Wedges option to display only the Perimeter wedges once again.
Note: End Wedges are discussed later in this tutorial.
Figure 4: Display of single wedge.
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Re-sizing the Views
You can change the relative size of the panes or sub-views (Top / Front / Side / Perspective), or maximize any view, within the 3D Wedge View.
To maximize the size of any pane, double-click the left mouse button in the pane (e.g. double-click in the Perspective view to maximize the Perspective view). Double-clicking again in the maximized view will restore the default display of all 4 panes.
You can also re-size the 4-view display by clicking and dragging on the vertical or horizontal dividers between the panes.
TIP: if you have re-sized the panes and you want to quickly restore the default display, double-click in any pane to maximize the view, then double-click again to restore the default display.
Figure 5: Maximized perspective view.
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Zoom and Pan
Zooming and panning is available on all views of the model (e.g. 2D views such as the Opening Section View, and 3D views such as the 3D Wedge View). The zoom and pan options are:
Zoom Extents - reset the model to its default size and location in the view
Zoom In - zoom in to 90 % of the original area Zoom Out - zoom out to 111% of the original area Pan - translate the model left, right, up or down within the view
The zoom and pan options are available in the toolbar, the Zoom sub-menu of the View menu, and through various keyboard and mouse shortcuts. Shortcuts include:
Rotate the mouse wheel forward or backward to zoom in or out. The function keys F2, F4 and F5 are shortcuts to Zoom Extents,
Zoom Out and Zoom In respectively.
If you hold down the Shift key while using any zoom option, all 4 views of the 3D Wedge View will be zoomed simultaneously.
A shortcut to Pan is to click and hold the middle mouse button (mouse wheel) and drag to pan the model within the view.
For more information see the Zoom and Pan help topic.
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Wedge Information Detailed analysis results (e.g. safety factor, wedge weight, wedge volume, joint trace lengths, sliding direction etc.) are available for all wedges computed by Unwedge. The wedge information is available in several different locations within the program, for example:
in the Wedge Information panel in the Sidebar as popup Data Tips (hover the mouse over a wedge to see the
wedge information for that wedge)
in the Info Viewer
Wedge Information Panel
The Wedge Information panel in the Sidebar displays the wedge analysis results for all visible wedges.
Wedges are identified by name and number. Also, the colour of the text in the Wedge Information panel corresponds to the colour of each wedge.
Information is displayed for visible wedges only (i.e. the wedges displayed according to the Wedge Visibility option).
Figure 6: Wedge information panel highlighted in sidebar.
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Examine the wedge information for this model. Note that the safety factor for most of the wedges is less than 1, indicating that support would be needed to stabilize the wedges. Addition of support will be covered in a subsequent tutorial.
Wedge Information Filter
The information which is displayed in the Wedge Information panel can be customized with the Wedge Information Filter dialog.
1. Select the Filter List button in the Sidebar.
2. You can choose which information to display in the Wedge Information panel by selecting the desired checkboxes in the Wedge Information Filter dialog, shown below.
Figure 7: Wedge information filter dialog.
The Wedge Information Filter option also determines the wedge information which is displayed by Data Tips or the Info Viewer, as described in the next sections.
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Data Tips
Data Tips are a very handy feature of Unwedge, which allow you to graphically access information about input parameters and analysis results, by hovering the mouse over the desired entities on the screen. This will display a popup box with information about the object. The following information can be displayed as Data Tips:
wedge information for each wedge joint properties support properties (bolts, shotcrete, pressure) coordinates of Opening Section vertices
For example, if you hover the mouse over any wedge, you will see the analysis information for that wedge, as shown in the following figure.
NOTE: the wedge information displayed in a popup Data Tip is the same as the wedge information displayed in the Sidebar. The information displayed is controlled by the Wedge Information Filter option, as discussed on the previous page.
Figure 8: Popup data tip displays wedge analysis information.
The Data Tips option is usually ON by default. However, it can be set to Minimum or Off in the Data Tips sub-menu of the View menu. If you do not see any Data Tips, then go to the View menu and set the Data Tips option to Maximum.
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Another useful tip to remember is the following:
If you right-click directly on any wedge, and select the Show Joint Colours option from the popup menu, the joint colours will be displayed on each wedge plane.
If you now hover the mouse over any wedge plane, the Joint Properties will be displayed, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 9: Popup data tip displays joint information for wedge.
Right-click again on any wedge, and turn the Show Joint Colours option OFF. Note: the Show Joint Colours option is also available in the General tab of the Display Options dialog. In the dialog, you can also customize the colours used to display the joints.
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Info Viewer
The Info Viewer provides a comprehensive summary of model input data and analysis results, in an easy-to-follow text listing. The information displayed in the Info Viewer can be filtered according to user preferences. It can also be saved by the user in a variety of ways, for including in reports etc.
To access the Info Viewer, select the Info Viewer option from the toolbar, or the Select View sub-menu of the View menu.
Select: View Select View Info Viewer
Figure 10: Info Viewer summary of analysis information.
If you right-click in the Info Viewer, the popup menu will provide options for filtering the information display, and also for saving the information to a file. This is left as an optional exercise for the user to experiment with.
Return to the 3D Wedge View.
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End Wedges There are two main types of wedges determined by Unwedge: Perimeter Wedges and End Wedges.
The Perimeter Wedges are the wedges which can form around the perimeter of the excavation.
The End Wedges are the wedges which can form at either end of the excavation.
So far in this tutorial we have only looked at the Perimeter Wedges. In the 3D Wedge View, the End Wedges can be displayed by selecting the desired option from the Wedge Visibility drop-list in the sidebar. For example, select the End Wedges option from the Wedge Visibility drop-list, and you should see the following figure.
Figure 11: End Wedges displayed in the 3D wedge view.
NOTE:
Depending on your joint and tunnel orientations, End Wedges may or may not exist.
End Wedges can also be displayed in the End Wedge View. This displays each end wedge in its own perspective view.
If the Opening Section axis has a vertical plunge, then the End Wedges will be roof and floor wedges.
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By default, Unwedge will calculate End Wedges. If you are only interested in Perimeter Wedges, then you can turn OFF the calculation of End Wedges in the Project Settings dialog, by clearing the Compute End Wedges checkbox. In general, this should not be necessary. However, in some situations (e.g. if you are using the Tunnel Axis Plot option to optimize the tunnel orientation), the computation will be faster if you turn OFF the calculation of End Wedges.
Multi Perspective View Another viewing option in Unwedge is the Multi Perspective View. This view displays all possible wedges (including End Wedges), each in its own individual perspective view.
To switch to this view, select the Multi Perspective View option from the toolbar, or the Select View sub-menu of the View menu.
Select: View Select View Multi Perspective
Figure 12: Wedges displayed in Multi Perspective View.
Notice that in the Multi Perspective View, information for each wedge is displayed directly in the viewing pane for the wedge. The viewing properties of the Multi Perspective view are very similar to the 3D Wedge view (e.g. double click in any pane to maximize the pane, etc).
Switch back to the 3D Wedge View.
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Display Options Before we conclude this tutorial, we will mention the Display Options dialog. The Display Options provide a great variety of options for customizing the appearance of the model. Each view (e.g. 3D wedge views, Opening Section view, Support view) has different associated display options.
You can select Display Options from the toolbar or the View menu.
Select: View Display Options
It is recommended that you experiment with the Display Options dialog to become familiar with all of the different options.
TIP: to make the current Display Options the program default values, select the Defaults button and choose Make current settings the default.
That concludes this quick start tutorial.
Quick Start TutorialIntroductionProgram AssumptionsSteps for a Typical AnalysisProgram InterfaceUnwedge ViewsSidebar
Defining the ModelProject SettingsDefining the Opening SectionOpening Section ViewAdd Opening Section
Tunnel PropertiesJoint OrientationsJoint Properties
Analysis Results3D Wedge ViewRotating the ModelMoving the WedgesWedge VisibilityRe-sizing the ViewsZoom and Pan
Wedge InformationWedge Information PanelWedge Information FilterData TipsInfo Viewer
End WedgesMulti Perspective ViewDisplay Options
TRANSCRIPT
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TRANSCRIPT
RocScience Slope Stability Modeling Software RocSciences Slide is a program that was used to evaluate Odell Dam slope stability conditions.
Slide is a 2D limit equilibrium slope stability program that was used for evaluating the factor of
safety regarding failure by sliding of an embankment or slope for the dam. The program computes
results in terms of factors of safety and slope circle radii and origins, as well as global stability
failure could occur. For this project, the third cross sectional area was chosen out of the seven cross
sections. Cross section three was chosen since it is the best representation of all the cross sections
because of its characteristics.
Figure 5 above is the surveying data retrieved using a total station and the AutoCAD software. For
the RocScience Slide program, the parameters needed were the cohesion of 130 psf, the friction
angle of 25.1 degrees, the unsaturated unit weight is 106 pcf and the saturated unit weight is 120
pcf.
Figure 1: Overview of all AutoCAD generated cross-sections.
Figure 6, shown above, is a visual representation of the computed result from Slide showing
various factors of safety (F.S.) which represent the stability of the soil. The square box above
shows the minimum surface factor of safety when the results are calculated. The computation
method used to determine the slip surfaces is the Bishop Method, which is designed for circular
slip surfaces such as in cross section 3.
The Heel to Toe analysis means that the slopes will be analyzed using the highest elevation on the
right which extends to the lower left elevation on the cross section. The water line is necessary to
determine how the soils will react when pressurized under water load conditions. A F.S. higher
than 1.5 is considered safe as a standard of practice. The F.S. for the minimum slip surface is 3.238.
Figure 2: Results from a Heel to Toe Analysis
The analysis was for Figure 7, shown above, was conducted under the same process as in the Heel to
Toe cross section, the only difference within this analysis is that the cross section was analyzed from
Toe to Heel. In this figure, for a downstream slope failure, the F.S. is 2.382.
[This space was intentionally left blank]
Figure 3: Results from a Toe to Heel Analysis
Hydrologic Analysis A hydrologic analysis is being conducted to determine the adequacy of the spillway located on the
southern side of Odell Dam. Due to the size of the watershed, the Rational Method is insufficient for
determining the amount of water runoff generated, therefore the analysis will be conducted using the
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) methods. This hydrologic analysis will include: a watershed
delineation, rainfall intensities, curve numbers, time of concentrations, reservoir storage, and a
PondPack hydrologic modeling software analysis.
Watershed Delineation The watershed was delineated, by using an ArcGIS topographic map. This map was then imported
into AutoCAD, where lines could be drawn to follow the contours that separate our watershed from
others. The overall area of the watershed was approximated to 19.8 square miles. The watershed
delineation can be found in Appendix G. The use of only one watershed was done to obtain a
conservative estimation of the water runoff generated. The breakdown of the watershed into sub
basins would produce a higher time of concentration, resulting in a lower peak flow. [9]
Figure 4: Odell Dam's Contributing Watershed.
Rainfall Intensities Rainfall Intensities were found using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Atlas 14. The intensities were established by inputting the exact coordinates of the project site into
the database. Refer to Appendix H for the NOAA Atlas 14 rainfall intensities. [10]
Curve Numbers The curve number considers multiple characteristics of the terrain within a given watershed, such
as the soil group, land use, and treatment of the land. The value assigned to a curve number is
indicative of the runoff coefficients of the land as well as the infiltration rate of the soil. Larger
curve numbers result in more water runoff generated. Pre-burn and 80% post-burn, meaning 80%
of the watershed has been burned, curve numbers were researched for this analysis.
For the pre-burned watershed analysis, Dr. Charles Schlinger provided documentation of the Oak
Creek Flood Warning Study, which provided a full watershed analysis for the watershed
contributing to Oak Creek. The study lists curve numbers for the Oak Creek watershed. Part of this
large watershed was in close proximity to the Odell Lake watershed, therefore the values were used
for this project, as deemed valid by the projects Technical Advisor. The curve number to be used
for the pre-burn scenario is 66. Appendix I shows the images used to obtain this curve number. [11]
Post-burn curve numbers require high precision and complex analysis to obtain, and for this reason
a curve number was researched. The USDA Forest service provides many different curve numbers
for post-burn conditions, ranging in value from 75-91. Due to this project using an 80% post-burn
scenario and a conservative analysis, a curve number of 85 was chosen. [12]
Time of Concentration The SCS Lag Time method was used to determine the time of concentration for both the pre-burn
and 80% post-burn conditions. The Lag Time method requires that the watershed under analysis to
be between 300-2000 acres. [13] The following is the SCS Lag Time equation:
tc = time of concentration (hours)
L = length of longest flow path (feet)
CN = curve number
S = average watershed slope (%)
Table 1 summarizes the values needed to determine the time of concentrations as well as the values
derived.
=1.67 0.8(
1000 10)
0.7
1900 0.5
Table 1: Time of Concentrations.
Reservoir Storage The size and shape of the reservoir is needed to determine the storage capacity as a function of the
water level elevation. ADWR has provided documentation for the storage of Odell Lake. The
storage indication curve has been calculated from the crest of the spillway to the top of the dam,
meaning that the analysis will completed for a full reservoir. [14] During multiple site visits to the
project location it was noted that the reservoir was as full as the crest of the spillway Figure 9 listed
below is the reservoir storage indication curve.
Figure 5: Reservoir Storage Indication Curve.
Bentley PondPack Hydrologic Modeling Software Bentley PondPack has been used to establish the amount of water runoff generated within the
watershed that contributes to the Odell Dam, as well as determining the peak flows through the
spillway for various storm events. Figure 10 shows an image of the model made within PondPack.
The runoff generated within the Watershed travels to Odell Lake, which then routes the water
through the Pond Outlet Exit (POE-1) and finally out of the Spillway and Outlet (O-1). For the
model to run properly, the software needs time depth tables, area of watershed, time of
concentrations, and curve numbers.
NOAA Atlas 14 provided data that was used to make the time depth tables needed within PondPack,
but the model required data that had to be linearly interpolated due to gaps in the data. PondPack
requires time depth tables that have data for a specific increment of time. This analysis used 30
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minute intervals for a duration of six hours, whereas NOAA only provided data for 30 minute, 1
hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, and 6 hour duration depths. Six hours is a standard storm duration used by
ADWR when analyzing spillway capacity. Tables J-1 and K-1, found in Appendix J and K, show
the time depth tables generated using the NOAA Atlas 14 and the curves generated within
PondPack.
Figure 6: Bentley PondPack Model
The watershed area, time of concentrations, and curve numbers derived are summarized in the
following table. These numbers along with the storage indication curve are the specific parameters
needed for the PondPack model to run its analysis. Table 2 shows the parameters of the PondPack
software.
Table 3, shown below, lists the peak inflows generated from the watershed, the peak outflows
through the spillway, and whether the spillway is adequate for that specific storm event. Figures
L-1 to L-8 in Appendix L. show the hydrographs generated in PondPack for the runoff generated
from the watershed.
Table 3: PondPack Inflow and Outflow
Table 2: PondPack Parameters.
- *Spillway capacity ~ 4500 cfs. After spillway capacity is reached, PondPack will not give outflow data.
Final Results
RocScience Slide Modeling A geotechnical model of an Odell Dam cross-section was created within Slide to show the F.S. for the
minimum side slope slip surface. The Heel to Toe analysis resulted in a F.S. of 3.238, whereas the Toe
to Heel analysis lead to a F.S. of 2.382. The Toe to Heel analysis shows that the F.S. of 2.382 is the
limiting value, however, it is larger than 1.5 and therefore safe.
Bentley PondPack Modeling A hydrologic model of Odell Lake, Odell Dam, and the surrounding watershed was created to determine
the flows generated during various storm events as well as the watershed during pre-burn and 80%
post-burn conditions.
The pre-burned watershed model resulted in the spillway capacity being reached between the 100-200
year storm events and between the 5-25 year storm events for the 80% post-burn model.
The PondPack model will not give outflow results once the spillway capacity has been reached,
subsequently the software displays warning messages noting that the inflow is greater than the outflow.
Post-burn Discussion Given Northern Arizonas terrain and vegetation, post burn hydrologic studies become necessary when
analyzing larger watersheds.
A post-burned watershed drastically reduces the time of concentration, which in-turn increases the
water runoff generated exponentially. This has the probable effect of creating detrimental damage to
areas located downstream of the dam.
Another adverse effect would be the accumulation of debris from the burned vegetation. The debris
collecting and making its way to the reservoir decreases its storage capacity as well as increasing the
weight of the homogenous water mixture. The added debris will result in higher stresses on the dam as
well as creating blockages in the spillway.
Final Recommendations It is encouraged that Pinewood Country Club, look into previous ADWR recommendations to preform
basic maintenance on the dam. This maintenance includes but is not limited to rodent holes, dense
vegetation, cracks within the training wall and spillway, and debris within outlet of the spillway.
Our analysis also shows that the dams spillway cannot hold the minimum incoming design flood
required by ADWR. Our analysis shows that the spillway will be inadequate between the 100 and 200
year storm event for pre-burn conditions. The team suggest that the spillway should be re-examined, at
the cost of Pinewood Country Club.
These conditions dramatically change once 80% post-burn conditions were examined, to which the
dams spillway indicated inadequate between 5 and 25 year storm event.